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How many nuclear reactors would it take to power Los Angeles?

Scenario estimates of how many reactors of various sizes would be required to cover the Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, CA metro's annual electricity demand — and what it would take with other power sources.

Population
12,844,441
Annual electricity demand
77,662,477 MWh
Primary state
CA

Reactors needed to power Los Angeles

Switch between reactor sizes. Each tab shows the count, the icon grid scaled to that count, and rough capital cost bands. Default view is large reactors — the fewest, biggest units.

Reactors needed
9
× 1,117 MWe units
93% capacity factor

Conventional gigawatt-scale plants like the AP1000 deliver firm baseload power with the smallest land footprint per MWh of any source. Build times are 7–12 years for first-of-a-kind delivery; the largest tradeoff vs alternatives.

Capital cost (rough)
Mid: NREL ATB 2024 · High: delivered Vogtle/NuScale
$70.4B$100.5B$150.8B

Los Angeles's current energy usage

Where the metro's grid actually gets its power today, and how its electricity demand has trended over the last 25 years.

Today's grid mix
eGRID 2023 subregion CAMX — WECC California
43% Natural gas
largest source · 2023
Natural gas 42.9%
Solar 20.1%
Hydro 14.1%
Nuclear 8.0%
Wind 6.6%
Other 6.5%
Coal 2.1%

Replacing the fossil portion (45% of generation) with nuclear would avoid roughly 7,487,63416,745,389 tons of CO₂ per year for this metro's share of demand. Range uses EPA eGRID 2023 Total Output rate (low) and Non-baseload rate (high) for CAMX. See methodology.

Annual electricity demand
CA state total — all sectors
-4.0%
20012025
0125M250M375M500M200120052010201520202025

What it takes to power Los Angeles with alternative energy sources

Same annual MWh as the reactor scenarios — just translated to other source archetypes. Variable sources (solar, wind) include a firm-equivalent figure for storage-backed 24/7 power. Switch tabs to compare.

Utility solar farm (100 MW DC)
355
units · 100 MW each
88.8M panels (≈400W each)
Firm equivalent (with storage)
8881,420
Units needed for round-the-clock firm power equivalent to one baseload reactor. Range covers oversizing + storage + curtailment modeling (NREL Standard Scenarios + Lazard LCOE+LCOS).
Land
333 sq mi
Capacity factor
25%
CO₂ (annual)
Zero
Per MWh CO₂
0 lb

Variable output. Raw count assumes same annual MWh; firm equivalent accounts for storage and oversizing needed for 24/7 power.

All sources, scaled to Los Angeles

Every source overlaid on the metro outline at true scale. The visual gut-check on land use: nuclear's footprint nearly disappears against firm-equivalent renewables.

All sources, scaled to Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim

Each colored square shows the land area a single source would need to cover this metro's entire 77.7 TWh of annual electricity demand — drawn at the same scale as the metro outline below it. Solar and wind use firm-equivalent capacity (with storage) per NREL Standard Scenarios.

Onshore wind
1,539 sq mi · 31.7% of metro
Utility-scale solar PV
287 sq mi · 5.9% of metro
Nuclear · Large Reactor
11.7 sq mi · 0.24% of metro
Coal-fired plant
9.4 sq mi · 0.19% of metro
Natural gas (combined cycle)
1.3 sq mi · 0.03% of metro
Local resource: Top solar resource (~29% CF), regional hydro (Sierra), and California's Geysers geothermal field nearby.
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Data provenance

Demand basis
CA state per-capita × metro population (v2 methodology, 2025 basis year)
Demand period
historical state trend: 2001–2025
Population source
U.S. Census Vintage 2025 estimates
Reactor cost basis
NREL ATB 2024, with widened bands for FOAK uncertainty
Grid mix source
EPA eGRID 2023 (subregion CAMX)
Source comparisons
Hardcoded archetypes — see methodology page

These figures are screening-level scenario estimates. They are not forecasts, project proposals, or permitting determinations.